Philosophical Foundations of Probabilities
نویسنده
چکیده
This document presents some views on the semantic of the probability notion. It's mainly a summary of di erent readings, in particular of a Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy article. Probabilities are daily used in real world application, often without a clear understanding of their mathematical foundation and of the meaning we attach to them. This lack of understanding often leads to bad interpretations of statistical/probabilistic procedures (e.g. p-values of tests), and is an obstacle for research. Nowadays there is a debate opposing frequentists to bayesians, but we'll see that the problem of interpreting probabilities is broader, even if we'll present some strong clues in favour of bayesianism. Key-words: probability, bayes, statistics, philosophy, axiomatic ∗ [email protected] Fondations philosophiques des probabilités Résumé : Ce document présente quelques fondements mathématiques et philosophiques de la notion de probabilité. Les probabilités sont utilisées dans de nombreuses théories et applications scienti ques, parfois sans une claire et complète compréhension de leur dé nition mathématique, ni de leur interprétation sémantique. Cette mauvaise compéhension peut conduire à de nombreuses erreurs d'interprétation des résultats statistiques, comme dans le cas des tests d'hypothèses. Bien que le débat philosophique ne se limite pas à l'opposion entre l'approche fréquenciste et l'approche bayésienne, nous présentons plusieurs avantages de cette dernière. Mots-clés : probabilité, statistique, bayes, philosophie, axiomatique Philosophical Foundations of Probabilities 3
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